WhatHow&Why

  Role of Ethics In Biotechnology: Biotechnology is basically the field of life sciences that is involved with the studies of and manipulation of living organisms, and development of new technologies for human benefit, so biotechnology is basically the area of life sciences which offers new emerging technologies based on living organisms. Today biotechnology is divided into four major categories namely; industrial, medical, agricultural and marine biotechnology. The field of biotechnology has shown significant amount of improvement in area of agriculture, medicine and industry. Genetically modified crops has been developed by the use of agriculture biotechnology and the new drugs and medicines have been introduced utilizing the technologies of medical biotechnology and likewise “transgenic animals” are produced by industrial biotechnologists to enhance the yield of commercial products.                   Besides providing these marvelous benefits to mankind, this field like other de

  Human Genome Project It was started in 1990 in USA. Attempt to analyze all human genomes. It was ended I 2003.it was concluded that there are 25 to 30,000 genes in a human genome. Exact number is 23,000 genes, 3 billion base pairs. They are stored in data bases by using improved tools for data analysis. Similarity, behavior and disease were studied by HGP.   Ethical Issue; 1.        Who owns HGP? 2.        Genetic test. 3.        Fetus Genetic test. 4.        Gender determination.  

  Organ Donation/Organ Transplantation It is the donation or transplantation of biological organs or tissues from living or dead person to a living recipient. From dead person we can take organ within 24 hours of Excision. Cornea was transplanted for the first time in 1905, then in 1954 kidneys were transplanted, Pancreases in 1966, heart in 1967, hands in 1998 and in 2008 a baby was born from a transplanted ovary.    TYPES; 1.        Auto graft: It means grafting of tissues in same person, e.g. Coronary Artery Bypass Surgery CABG, plastic surgery and hair transplant. 2.        Allograft: It is the transplantation within one species between two genetically non identical members of same species. 3.        Xeno-grafting: It the transplantation between two different species like anima to man. 4.        Split Transplantation: In this type one organ is divided between two or more recipient. 5.        Artificial Organ Transplantation: Stems cells are treated with va

  Animal rights Animal right is an idea that “Most basic interest of non-human beings should be afforded the same consideration as the similar interest of human beings”    Why animal rights shouldn’t be there; Divine Hierarchy: The concept was given by Aristotle who said “Animals are classified as high level and low level animals, and high level animals (humans) have the right to use them” Another concept is that since animals have no duty so they have got no rights. According to another philosopher Nicolas Malebranche “animals eat without pleasure cry without pain, grow without knowing, desire nothing, fear nothing, and know nothing”. For animal rights we follow two approaches: 1.        Utilitarian, developed by peter singer (“animals are equal to human beings they feel pleasure and suffer pain”). 2.        Contractualist, developed by Tom Regan (“Animals have inherent moral value that might be less than humans”) he further defended his argument by saying that it ju